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Colomb. med ; 49(3): 193-200, July-Sept. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-974986

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: The yeasts species determination is fundamental not only for an accurate diagnosis but also for establishing a suitable patient treatment. We performed a concordance study of five methodologies for the species identification of oral isolates of Candida in Colombia. Methods: Sixty-seven Candida isolates were tested by; API® 20C-AUX, Vitek®2 Compact, Vitek®MS, Microflex® and a molecular test (panfungal PCR and sequencing). The commercial cost and processing time of the samples was done by graphical analysis. Results: Panfungal PCR differentiated 12 species of Candida, Vitek®MS and Microflex® methods identified 9 species, and API® 20C-AUX and Vitek®2 Compact methods identified 8 species each. Weighted Kappa (wK) showed a high agreement between Panfungal PCR, Vitek®MS, Microflex® and API® 20C-AUX (wK 0.62-0.93). The wK that involved the Vitek®2 Compact method presented moderate or good concordances compared with the other methods (wK 0.56-0.73). Methodologies based on MALDI TOF MS required 4 minutes to generate results and the Microflex® method had the lowest selling price. Conclusion: The methods evaluated showed high concordance in their results, being higher for the molecular methods and the methodologies based on MALDI TOF. The latter are faster and cheaper, presenting as promising alternatives for the routine identification of yeast species of the genus Candida.


Resumen Introducción: La clasificación a nivel de especies de las levaduras del género Candida de origen clínico es fundamental para el diagnóstico y la instauración de un adecuado tratamiento para el paciente. Se realizó un estudio de concordancia de cinco metodologías usadas para la identificación de aislamientos orales de Candida spp en Colombia. Métodos: Sesenta y siete aislamientos de Candida spp fueron identificados a nivel de especie utilizando; API® 20 C AUX‚ Vitek® 2 Compact, MALDI TOF (Vitek® MS y Microflex®) y una prueba molecular, PCR Panfungal y secuenciación. Un análisis del costo comercial y tiempo de procesamiento de las muestras por cada método fue realizado mediante el análisis gráfico de ambas variables. Resultados: La PCR Panfungal y secuenciación diferenció 12 especies de Candida‚ los métodos Vitek® MS y Microflex® identificaron 9 especies y los métodos API® 20 C AUX y Vitek® 2 Compact identificaron 8 especies. El análisis de Kappa ponderado (wK) demostró una concordancia alta entre los métodos PCR Panfungal y secuenciación‚ Vitek® MS‚ Microflex® y API® 20 C AUX‚ concordancias agrupadas en las categorías buena y muy buena (wK 0.62 - 0.93); los Kp que involucraron el método Vitek® 2 Compact presentaron concordancias moderadas o buenas frente a los otros métodos (wK 0.56 - 0.73). Las metodologías basadas en MALDI TOF MS requirieron 4 minutos para generar un resultado y el método Microflex® fue el método que en nuestro medio presentó el menor precio de venta del servicio. Conclusión: Los métodos evaluados presentaron una alta concordancia en sus resultados‚ siendo más alta para los métodos moleculares y las metodologías basadas en MALDI TOF MS; estas últimas son metodologías más rápidas, económicas y precisas, las cuales se presentan como alternativas prometedoras para la identificación rutinaria de especies de levaduras del género Candida.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Candida/isolation & purification , Candidiasis, Oral/diagnosis , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods , Time Factors , Candidiasis, Oral/microbiology , Mycological Typing Techniques/methods , Colombia
3.
Infectio ; 14(supl.2): s159-s171, oct.-dic. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-635663

ABSTRACT

La candidiasis invasora representa el 75% de las infecciones por hongos en pacientes hospitalizados, con una mortalidad que alcanza cifras hasta del 78%. La frecuencia de estas infecciones varía de acuerdo con el servicio de hospitalización y los factores de riesgo de los pacientes. Paralelamente, se han venido observando cambios en la epidemiología de las especies de Candida, variaciones en su prevalencia y en la resistencia a los antimicóticos según su localización geográfica. Por todo lo anterior, es imperativo establecer un diagnóstico temprano que lleve a la identificación correcta de la especie implicada de manera que se instaure un pronto y adecuado tratamiento antimicótico. El diagnóstico de la candidiasis invasora continúa siendo un reto, en el cual combinar los diferentes métodos diagnósticos, los microbiológicos, los inmunológicos y los nuevos moleculares, aún en desarrollo y validación, es la mejor estrategia para lograr un dictamen oportuno. En esta revisión se describen los métodos disponibles, sus limitaciones y las perspectivas de los que están en etapa de desarrollo y validación. En la última década se cuenta con métodos de referencia para la medición de susceptibilidad in vitro a los antimicóticos, lo cual ha permitido conocer los perfiles de sensibilidad de las diferentes especies de Candida a escala mundial y local.


Invasive candidiasis represents 75% of fungal infections in hospitalized patients, with reported mortalities up to 78%. The frequency of these infections varies according to the hospital services and the risk factors of the patients. In parallel, changes in the epidemiology of the Candida species have been observed, in particular variations in their prevalence and in their resistance to antifungals according to geographic location. For these reasons it is crucial to establish an early diagnosis that identifies the pathogen to the species level in order to allow an appropriate therapeutic decision. The diagnosis of invasive candidiasis continues to be a challenge, where combining the different available methods (microbiologic, immunologic and new molecular approaches) is the best strategy to achieve a prompt and accurate diagnosis. We review the currently available assays for conventional and molecular diagnosis, their limitations, and the perspectives for assays that are now in development and validation. In the last decade, well established reference methods have become available for testing antifungal susceptibility and this has allowed worldwide and regional sensitivity profiles to be established for the different Candida species.


Subject(s)
Humans , Candida , Candidiasis, Invasive , Infections/diagnosis , Candidiasis , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques , Infections , Antifungal Agents
4.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 42(4): 231-4, July-Aug. 2000. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-266057

ABSTRACT

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a primary pulmonary infection that often disseminates to other organs and systems. Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) is rare and due to the fact that both clinical alertness and establishment of the diagnosis are delayed, the disease progresses causing serious problems. We report here a case of neuroparacoccidioidomycosis (NPCM), observed in a 55 year-old male, who consulted due to neurological symptoms (left hemiparesis, paresthesias, right palpebral ptosis, headache, vomiting and tonic clonic seizures) of a month duration. Upon physical examination, an ulcerated granulomatous lesion was observed in the abdomen. To confirm the diagnosis a stereotactic biopsy was taken; additionally, mycological tests from the ulcerated lesion and a bronchoalveolar lavage were performed. In the latter specimens, P. brasiliensis yeast cells were visualized and later on, the brain biopsy revealed the presence of the fungus. Treatment with itraconazole (ITZ) was initiated but clinical improvement was unremarkable; due to the fact that the patient was taking sodium valproate for seizure control, drug interactions were suspected and confirmed by absence of ITZ plasma levels. The latter medication was changed to clonazepam and after several weeks, clinical improvement began to be noticed and was accompanied by diminishing P. brasiliensis antigen and antibody titers. In the PCM endemic areas, CNS involvement should be considered more often and the efficacy of itraconazole therapy should also be taken into consideration.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Brain Diseases/drug therapy , Itraconazole/therapeutic use , Paracoccidioidomycosis/drug therapy , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Antifungal Agents/blood , Brain Diseases/diagnosis , Clonazepam/therapeutic use , Drug Interactions , Itraconazole/blood , Paracoccidioidomycosis/diagnosis , Seizures/drug therapy , Treatment Outcome , Valproic Acid/therapeutic use
5.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 39(3): 145-8, maio-jun. 1997. tab, ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-201054

ABSTRACT

Baseado nas dificuldades experimentadas no sucesso do tratamento da cromoblastomicose, 12 isolamentos humanos primarios do F. pedrosoi foram examinados para a sua suscetibilidade in vitro aos varios antifungicos. Nos adaptamos as recomendaçöes da NCCLS feitas para leveduras e, seguimos as indicaçöes para fungos filamentosos testados dadas por outros autores para as determinaçöes dos MIC's e dos MCLS. Nossos resultados mostraram que uma proporçäo significativa dos isolados testados foi resistente a tres ou quatro dos antifungicos experimentados, como revelaram os altos valores do MIC; assim, 33 por cento dos isolados foram resistentes a anfotericina-B (AMB) 58,3 por cento a fluorocitosina (5FC) e 66,7 por cento ao fluconazole (FLU); pelo contrario, nenhum dos isolados examinados mostrou-se resistente ao itraconazole (ITZ)...


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Fungi/classification , In Vitro Techniques , Paracoccidioidomycosis/therapy , Sensitivity and Specificity
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